Timeline of the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam War

Timeline of the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam War U.S. troops had been in Vietnam for three years before the Tet Offensive, and most of the fighting they had encountered were small skirmishes involving guerilla tactics. Although the U.S. had more aircraft, better weapons, and hundreds of thousands of trained soldiers, they were stuck in a stalemate against the Communist forces in North Vietnam and the guerrilla forces in South Vietnam (known as the Viet Cong). The United States was discovering that traditional warfare tactics did not necessarily work well in the jungle against the guerrilla warfare tactics they were facing. January 21, 1968 In early 1968, General Vo Nguyen Giap, the man in charge of North Vietnams army, believed it was time for the North Vietnamese to make a major surprise attack on South Vietnam. After coordinating with the Viet Cong and moving troops and supplies into position, the Communists made a diversionary attack against the American base at Khe Sanh on January 21, 1968. January 30, 1968 On January 30, 1968, the real Tet Offensive began. Early in the morning, North Vietnamese troops and Viet Cong forces attacked both towns and cities in South Vietnam, breaking the ceasefire that had been called for the Vietnamese holiday of Tet (the lunar new year). The Communists attacked around 100 major cities and towns in South Vietnam. The size and ferocity of the attack surprised both the Americans and the South Vietnamese, but they fought back. The Communists, who had hoped for an uprising from the populous in support of their actions, met heavy resistance instead. In some towns and cities, the Communists were repelled quickly, within hours. In others, it took weeks of fighting. In Saigon, the Communists succeeded in occupying the U.S. embassy, once thought impregnable, for eight hours before they were overtaken by U.S. soldiers. It took about two weeks for U.S. troops and South Vietnamese forces to regain control of Saigon; it took them nearly a month to retake the city of Hue. Conclusion In military terms, the United States was the victor of the Tet Offensive for the Communists did not succeed in maintaining control over any part of South Vietnam. The Communist forces also suffered very heavy losses (an estimated 45,000 killed). However, the Tet Offensive showed another side of the war to Americans, one which they did not like. The coordination, strength, and surprise instigated by the Communists led the U.S. to realize that their foe was much stronger than they had expected. Faced with an unhappy American public and depressing news from his military leaders, President Lyndon B. Johnson decided to end the escalation of U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

The Inventors Behind the Creation of Television

The Inventors Behind the Creation of Television Television wasnt invented by a single person. The efforts of many people working over the years, together and separately, contributed to the evolution of the technology. At the dawn of television history, two competing experimental approaches  led to the breakthroughs that eventually made the technology possible.  Early inventors attempted to build either a mechanical television based on Paul Nipkows rotating disks or an electronic television using a  cathode ray tube  developed independently in 1907 by English inventor A.A. Campbell-Swinton and Russian scientist Boris Rosing. Because electronic television systems worked better, they eventually replaced mechanical systems. Here is an overview of the major names and milestones behind one of the most important inventions of the 20th century. Mechanical Television Pioneers German inventor  Paul Gottlieb Nipkow developed a rotating disc technology in 1884 called the Nipkow disk to transmit pictures over wires. Nipkow is credited with  discovering televisions scanning principle, in which the light intensities of small portions of an image are successively analyzed and transmitted. In the 1920s, John Logie Baird patented the idea of using arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television. Bairds 30-line images were the first demonstrations of television by reflected light rather than back-lit silhouettes.  Baird based his technology on Nipkows scanning disc idea and other developments in electronics. Charles Francis Jenkins invented a mechanical television system called Radiovision and claimed to have transmitted the earliest moving silhouette images on June 14, 1923. His company also  opened the first television broadcasting station in the U.S., named W3XK. Electronic Television Pioneers German scientist  Karl Ferdinand Braun entered history books by inventing the cathode ray tube (CRT) in 1897. This picture tube, which for years was the only device that could create the images viewers saw, was the basis for the advent of electronic television. In 1927, American Philo Taylor Farnsworth  became  the first inventor to transmit a television image- a dollar sign- comprising 60 horizontal lines. Farnsworth also developed the dissector tube, the basis of all current electronic televisions. Russian inventor  Vladimir Kosma Zworykin invented an improved cathode ray tube called the kinescope in 1929. Zworykin was one of the first to demonstrate a system with all the features that would come to make up televisions. Additional Television Components In 1947 Louis W. Parker invented the Intercarrier Sound System to synchronize television sound. His invention is used in all television receivers in the world. In June 1956  the TV remote controller first entered the American home. The first TV remote control, called Lazy Bones, was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics Corp., then known as Zenith Radio Corp. Marvin Middlemark invented rabbit ears, the once-ubiquitous V-shaped TV antennae, in 1953. His other inventions included a water-powered potato peeler and a rejuvenating tennis ball machine. Plasma TV display panels use small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases to generate high-quality imagery. The first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in 1964 by Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson. Other Television Advances In 1925, Russian TV pioneer Zworykin filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic color television system. Following authorization by the FCC, a color television system began commercial broadcasting on Dec. 17, 1953, based on a system invented by RCA. TV closed captions are hidden in the television video signal, invisible without a decoder. They were first demonstrated in 1972 and debuted the following year on the Public Broadcasting Service. Television content for the World Wide Web was rolled out in 1995. Historys first TV series made available on the Internet was  the public access program Rox.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - Essay Example Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is no exception since it is a lethal and rare mental disorder (Varcarolis and Halter, 2010, p. 331). According to Keogh and Doyle (2008), Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is the idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptic medication. It has serious and adverse effects on individuals that may result in death. This disorder occurs when patients: are under neuroleptic medication regardless of the duration of use, use antipsychotic medication and patients will exhibit signs and when patients use antidepressants. As observed, majority of patients shows signs and symptoms of NMS after two weeks of commencing treatment antipsychotic treatment. These symptoms, according to Varcarolis and Halter (2010) are: altered mental status in patients, muscular rigidity in a patients, hyperthermia, fever, urinary incontinence, motor abnormalities such as lack of movement coupled with tremor, and automatic function that is high or low pressure (p. 331). Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome can present a broad range of clinical manifestations that can pose a challenge to early detection. The diversity and complexity of its clinical features may not always be welcomed as it leads to confusion among nurses. In order for the nurse to avoid this, they should be aware of NMS classical features such as muscular rigidity, automatic instability and hyperthermia (Koegh & Doyle, 2008). Instant and proper treatment of this disease is advised. It demands prompt, and recognition of the disorder at an early stage and adoption, and implementation of pharmacological interventions such as the use of dopamine agonist is required. In addition, antipyretics such as paracetamol can be administered to reduce fever. Prompt discontinuation of antipsychotic is also helpful as articulated by Koegh & Doyle (2008). In addition, symptomatic management of this disorder is also significant. Nurses are required to monitor patients with this disease

Nostalgia in Amitava Kumar's BombayLondonNew York Essay

Nostalgia in Amitava Kumar's BombayLondonNew York - Essay Example Said emerges not just as an intellectual giant, but also a deeply passionate man. The requirement f leaving one's place f orign and move from the periphery towards the centre, combined with the compulsion to look back and travel; homewards n a bid to understand one's history, is the force that drives much f recent Indian writing n English. The name Kumar has selected for his book signifies the journey that both he and his fellow writers have made, the distances they have traversed and the literary signposts they have passed. It happens often that compositions f exemplary character and intuition do not receive the desired attention from their creators. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote Sherlock Holmes mysteries on a lark but tired f his detective, had him killed n a story, only to refresh him agan after a public outrage. A similar overlooking f one's own talents occurs n this Kumar's entertaining book. While the title may be reminiscent f a travel brochure, the book is an exhaustive thorough survey f Indian authors writing n English, living n both India and abroad. But, sifting through the literary ore, we find charming nuggets f Kumar's own life, gleaming like gold. Kumar's personal musings cover perhaps a fourth f his book but have an impact far beyond their length. The slender volume f his personal odyssey has enough pathos to overcome his intermittently interesting but mostly descriptive treatise on the Indian contribution to English literature. Similar to his an earlier excellent piece f writing, Passport Photos, this one is a multi-genre celebration f the fascinating literary journey that Kumar has undertaken as a reader and critic f Indian fiction. His own fiction and poetry, along with personal accounts, make this an imaginative exercise that explores many f the impulses that have helped create contemporary Indian fiction n English. The world literature has slowly awakened to the realization that Salman Rushdie, V.S. Naipaul and Arundhati Roy are not restricted to the ethnic press anymore; they are internationally renowned writers with considerable influence n the world f ideas. It is therefore particularly apt that there be a reassessment f Indian-English contribution to English literature and Kumar does this admirably through the prism f his own understanding. n Bombay-London-New York, Kumar highlights at the very beginning that his pages are to be read merely as "marginal entries n a book written by others." He quotes generously from novels and short stories, newspaper articles, reviews and interviews, and uses photographs to convey a sense f contemporary India and the Indian writer's experience. Kumar's canvas is as enormous ahis "reading practice" which he claims to have recorded for the purpose f this book. The issues he deals with are, likewise, numerous. Kumar does not incarcerate his survey to immigrant writing. We are taken to Pankaj Mishra's Butter chicken n Ludhiana: Travels n Small Town India , where an Indian born American kid asks a perplexed hotel manager "May I have a boddle f Bisleri Wadder." He ruminates on the nuclear bomb with Arundhati Roy (The End f Imagination), relives London's Bloomsbury circle with Mulk Raj Anand ( Conversations n Bloomsbury), revels n the celebration f Hanif Kureishi's sexually charged writing (My Beautiful Launderette, Sammie and Rosie Get Laid) and discusses Akhil Sharma's An Obedient

Transnational Networks of Support for the Zapatista Rebellion :: Zapatista Rebellion Globalization Essays

Transnational Networks of Support for the Zapatista Rebellion Globalization, the term used to describe the dominant framework of international relations following the cold war, is affecting many aspects of politics and social experience. This is seen in the Zapatista rebellion and movement in Chiapas, Mexico that has benefited from globalization and transnational support. This paper examines the relationship of transnationalism and social movements with the Zapatistas as a case study. In particular, this paper argues that the Zapatistas are part of the anti-globalization cycle of protest. As a result, they have used the master frame of this cycle of protest and aligned that frame in light of their particular situation. Because this frame was resonant with transnational activists a network of support was formed, which pressures the government from above, increasing the chances of success of a movement. The paper concludes by examining the implications of the Zapatistas for social movement research, with particular regard for Tarrowâ €™s â€Å"strong thesis† about movements in a transnational era While the roots of the Zapatista movement stretch well back, the rebellion entered the public’s consciousness on 1 January 1994 when several thousand indigenous Mexicans, mostly Mayans, wearing ski-masks and carrying antiquated rifles and wooden sticks briefly seized several major urban centres in Chiapas, Mexico before withdrawing under pressure from the Mexican military. A cease-fire was declared on 12 January and since then the two sides have not directly fought one another. Since the cessation of hostilities, the rebellion has essentially transformed into a social movement.[1] The transformation was capped by a march on Mexico City March 2001 in which a caravan of Zapatistas, protected by the Mexican government, moved from Chiapas throughout Mexico to a climax in the zocalo in Mexico City. Subcomandante Marcos, the spokesman and de facto leader of the movement, addressed a huge rally and other comandantes addressed the Mexican Congress. Many observers compared this moment to Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech during the American civil rights movement. (Klein 2001) Since the beginning of this movement/rebellion, the Zapatistas have demonstrated a unique ability to attract support from activists outside of Mexico. I refer to this support as transnational because it is rooted in no particular territory and spans much of the developed world.

Favourite Brand Paper Essay

The brand that I identify with is tide laundry detergent. I love tide laundry detergent because there are 5 people in my house and a lot of laundry being done with Tide I am able to use less detergent for a large amount of cloths. It keeps the colors of the cloths bright and even if you have been using cheap detergent when cloths are washed with tide the colors bright. Tide also gets hard to remove stains out of cloths without having to pretreat the sting and soak cloths for a long period of times. I can also save money by using Tide because when using a less effective brand I have to pour more than the required amount to wash and the cloths deteriorate faster. When cloths deteriorate and look dull I have to spend more money to purchase cloths in a shorter amount of time. I do believe Tide Company has built a successful relationship with loyal customers because even during the recession Tide created a cheaper detergent called Tide Basic in order to accommodate its loyal customers dur ing these hard times. The company has created a Tide detergent that can be used with cold water which saves on the energy bill. Loyal Tide customer has a lot of variety to choose from which helps maintain the relationship with the brand. This brand is focused on groups of all ages because it is efficient and has been around since 1946. The Tide brand for the younger generation helps them remember home and for the older generation it is familiar and a brand they can trust. Tide has a variety of detergent product such as tide pods eliminate odor and are pre-measured, Tide ultra-stain release removes 99 percent of stains, Tide to go instant stain remover to go it’s a pen that is small and can be carried around if you get a small stain on your cloths, Tide boost duo packs it has stain removing power without any dyes or scent, Tide total care for high efficiency washers, Tide ultra clean plus downy gives same clean feeling and soft cloths, Tide cold water great cleaning and save money no hot or even warm water needed, Tide alternative bleach wash whites without the need of using bleach, Tide Free provide ge ntle on skin, Tide febreze for individuals who play sports, all of these also come in powder form for those who do not like liquid detergent. This is another reason Tide caters to all  age groups there is something for everyone. The two competitor brands Whisk and Kirkland Signature Ultra. These two detergents are numbers 2 and 3 on the list of competitor detergents which was done by ABC news. I have tried both of these brands. In my opinion these brands are good but the stain fighting power is not as effective as tide. When using tide on my chef uniform which has food and oils from cooking kitchen smell was gone. I used both brands to wash my nephews chef uniforms and they were not as effective at removing dirt, grim and most of all the smell of food. Tide has also been featured in good housekeeping magazine. It was also named one of the must steal products because in recent years there has been a surge of theft with tide detergent. In conclusion Tide laundry detergent is a brand that has been around for decades. It maintains and brightens colors. Tide also has over 15 varieties from one that can be used on sensitive skin to cold water Tide that helps save money. Tide is a trusted brand and caters to their customer’s needs. They also have helped maintain the relationship by offering a lower priced detergent when the recession affected all individuals around the world. Tide does have some competition but it does not have all the varieties or report that Tide has with their customers. References http://nymag.com/news/features/tide-detergent-drugs-2013-1/index2.html /www.nytim http:/es.com/roomfordebate/2013/01/14/why-would-drug-dealers-use-tide-as-a-currency/tide-is-the-must-steal-product-of-the-season http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/product-reviews/home-products/laundry-detergents/best-laundry-detergent#slid

Advice Style Contral law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3031 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Tags: Act Essay Advice Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The situation between Marina and Michelle, the problem issue as follow, in the situation of this happen, Marina role as offeror and Michelle role as offeree, the meaning between the completed binding contract between offeror and offeree, as the job of the offeror, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s must be willing to enter the legal binding contract with the specific of the terms and condition and inviting the other parties which is offeree to accept this offer. As the role of the acceptance is disqualified to change the agreement by offerer, presence of consideration on the parties with full capacity to entry the agreement when the offer is accepted. According to the general rule of Contract Act 1950 (Revised 1970), they need to know that on Section 2 when one parties signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing, with the view to obtaining the assent of that to the act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal Section 4(1) Contracts Act 1950 that the communication of a proposal is complete when it come to the knowledge of the person to whom it is made. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Advice Style Contral law" essay for you Create order Using the Contract Act 1950 (Revised 1970) into the situation with Marina and Michelle, Marina send the offer to Michelle, when Michelle accepted, there will be the binding contract between Marina and Michelle. Giving an example, Kuga want to selling his second hand household to Wary in the value of RM 500,000 to given two day to thinking, when Wary is accepted the offer there will be the binding contract between Kuga and Wary and the trading is completed. Deeply to the situation, Marina send her offer to Michelle by fax at 4pm (Malaysia Time) same day, and given two day to agree this agreement, but before of the day of the agreement Marina wants to revoke her offer and using fax to send a revocation letter, she canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t go thought to Michelle so she left the message to the security officer. After the day of the acceptance, Michelle has agreed the agreement and on the same day Michelle just knew that the offer has revoked. 1 The question arise that whe ther Marina has a right way to sending the offer and did she inform to the suitable third party? Offer and Acceptance is a traditional approach in contract law which is used to determine when an agreement exists between two parties. In order to constitute a contract, there must be an offer by one person to another and an acceptance of that offer by the person to whom is made. A legally binding offer in order to be valid will have to include clearly stated terms because sometimes a statement may be indefinite to consist of a valid offer. Also, an offer will include intention to do business and as a final feature the offer must be communicated to the offeree. The communication of an offer may be written or spoken but it may usually be by conduct. An offer can be terminated by rejection done by offeree and also by the lapse of time in section 6 (b) Contract Act 1950 , the length of time, it will out automatically terminates when that time limit expires. The counter offer will kil l off the original offer. For example in case of Hyde v Wrench (1840) Wrench (D) offered to sell his estate to Hyde for 1200 pounds and Hyde (P) declined. Wrench then made a final offer to sell the farm for 1000 pounds. Hyde in turn offered to purchase the property for 950 pounds and Wrench replied that he would consider the offer and give an answer within approximately two weeks. Wrench ultimately rejected the offer and the plaintiff immediately replied that he accepted Wrenchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s earlier offer to sell the real estate for 1000 pounds. Wrench refused and Hyde sued for breach of contract and sought specific performance, contending that Wrenchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offer had not been withdrawn prior to acceptance. There was no contract. Where a counter offer is made this destroys the original offer so that it is no longer open to the offeree to accept. 2 Decision of the court said that the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions showed that he intended to reject b oth the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offers and this meant he was no longer able to revive them by changing his mind and making a subsequent acceptance. If either party loses its contractual capacity, this will also cause an offer to lapse. For example, if a person were declared bankrupt or were to become insane, this could result in that person losing their contractual capacity, thus causing an offer to lapse. The revocation of an offer is the general rule is that an offer can be revoked by the offeror at any time before acceptance. There are exceptions to this general rule if the offer is made in the form of an option or made under seal in the form of a deed. An invitation to treat made by one party to another is not an offer. An invitation to treat is made at an opening stage in the making of an agreement, where one party seeks to ascertain whether the other would be willing to enter into a contract. To distinguish between an offer and an invitation to treat it is necessary to look at the intention of the person making it. It is not an offer unless it was made with the intention that it should be binding as soon as the person to whom it was addressed communicates hi assent. Display of goods in a shop as in advertisements generally do not constitute a proposal to sell. The shop owner merely holds himself prepared to consider proposals made to him at the suggested prices. The invitation is not capable of being accepted as it is not a proposal. The proposal in fact made by the customer when he or she selects the desire goods for payment at the counter. An acceptance is a final and unqualified acceptance of the terms of an offer. Unless it can be shown that there was such an acceptance, then there is no contract. Where the offeror sets out his offer and request an answer of yes or no from the offeree, it is not difficult to determine whether or not there has been an acceptance. In addition to being a firm and unqualified acceptance of all the terms of the offer, the fact of acceptance must normally be communicated to the offeror before there is concluded contract. 3 The offeree need to fulfil it must be communicate with the acceptance (offeror). The mode letter or so on. The law go on to say à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“silenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  does not constitute acceptance. The example case is Felthouse v Bindley its about horse. In Felthouse v Bindley (1862), the claimant wished to buy a horse from his nephew. An uncle and his nephew discussed the matter of the sale of the nephewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s horse to the uncle but there had been some confusion about the price. The nephew sent his uncle a letter. The uncle subsequently wrote to the nephew, offering to pay  £30 and 15 shillings and saying, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"If I hear no more about him, I consider the horse mine at that price.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The nephew was on the point of selling off some of his property in an auction. He did not reply to the uncleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s l etter, but did tell the auctioneer to keep the horse out of the sale. The auctioneer forgot to do this and the horse was sold. It was held that the uncle had no rights to impose upon the nephew a sale of his horse unless he chose to comply with the condition of writing to repudiate the offer. It was clear that the nephew intended his uncle to have the horse but he had not communicated his intention to his uncle, or done anything to bind himself. Nothing, therefore, had been done to vest the property in the horse in the plaintiff. There had been no bargain to pass the property in the horse to the plaintiff, and therefore he had no right to complain of the sale. It has been pointed out by the Court of Appeal in Re Select move Ltd (1995) that an acceptance by silence could be sufficient if it was the offeree who suggested that their silence would be sufficient. Thus in Felthouse, if the nephew had been the one to say that if his uncle heard nothing more he could treat the offer a s accepted, there would have been a contract. 4 Acceptance must be done only by the parties to the agreement not privacy to contract means a third party to a contract does not involve. The general rule is that acceptance must be communicated in order that a contract is formed. The party purporting to accept the offer must have authority in order for it to be accepted. This principle was demonstrated in the case of Powell v Lee (1908) .The plaintiff applied for a job as a headmaster of a school. The managers of the school considered his application and decided to appoint him. One of the managers, without the permission of the others, telegrammed him advising that his application had been successful. A further meeting of managers was held in which the decision was overturned and another person was appointed to the position. Powell sued for breach of contract. Powell failed in his action for breach of contract. Acceptance of an offer will only be effective if it is communicate d by the acceptor or the acceptorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s authorized agent. The county court judge held that there was no contract as there had been no authorized communication of intention to contract on the part of the body that is the managers, alleged to be a party to the contract. This decision was upheld by the Kings Bench Division. However, the decision of the court was different from that in Powell v. Lee. The revocation of an offeror may revoke an offer at any time before acceptance takes place. Communication by a third party who is not acting on his behalf as an agent is probably insufficient to constitute an effective revocation. The example cases are Dickinson v Dodds (1876) :- On Wednesday, June 10, 1874 Dodds (D) sent Dickinson (P) a memorandum in which he agreed to sell a specified piece of land for 800 pounds with the offer held open until 9AM on 12 June. Dickinson decided to accept on 11 June but did not advise Dodds immediately. Later on the 11th Dickinson was informed by a third party that Dodds had sold to someone else. Dickinson then purported to accept the offer. Dodds replied that it was too late were the property had already been sold. 5 The court was held the offer had been effectively revoked. Therefore no contract existed between the parties. There was no obligation to keep the offer open until Friday since had provided no consideration in exchange for the promise. However, the revocation of the offer must be communicated to the offeree. Unless and until the revocation is so communicated, it is ineffective. In Byrne v Van Tien hoven (1880), in this case the defendant posted a letter to the plaintiffs on 1st October offering to sell 1,000 boxes of tinplateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to the plaintiff. The plaintiffs received the letter on the 11th of October and sent acceptance by telegram on the same day. On the 8th of October a second letter had been sent from the defendants withdrawing their offer, this was received by the plai ntiffs on the 20th October. It was held that there was a binding contract between the parties because the revocation of the offer posted on 8 October was not effective till 20 October when it was received by the plaintiff but in the meantime, the letter had already accepted the offer on 11 October when the telegram was sent. The contract had already been made. Between the case as above for Powell v Lee Dickinson and Dodds, there is the different situation for the two cases to bring in, this is the different with who is the person they should inform and who is the related person to inform. On the situation between Marina and Michelle, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is Marina did the right action to inform to the Security Officer, for the Contract Act 1950 (Revised 1970), of Section 6, by the revocation to communicate to the third party is a valid revocation offer but not most of the third, some of the third party is not related to this agreement, either Marina can contact to her Marinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business partner, colleague , secretary who is related to this agreement, there will be the valid revocation offer, if Marina inform to the person who are not related to this case such like security, maid, babysitter etc , there will become the invalid offer, if she inform to these two parties is more safety, like inform security guard and after one hour contact Michelle assistance is more safety. 6 There will be the problem with the time zone and lacking with the different when Marina want to revoke the offer, but on that situation is able Marina using fax to revoke the offer? In case of Entorres v Miles Far East ( 1955), Entorres was a London-based trading company that sent an offer for the purchase of copper cathodes by telex from a company based in Amsterdam. The Plaintiffs are an English company. The Defendants are an American corporation with agents all over the world, including a Dutch company in Amsterdam. . The Plaintiffs say that the contract was made by Telex between the Dutch company in Amsterdam and the English company in London. Communications by Telex are comparatively new. Each company has a tele printer machine in its office and each has a Telex number like a telephone number. When one company wishes to send a message to the other it gets the Post Office to connect up the machines. Then a clerk at one end taps the message on to his machine just as if it were a typewriter and it is instantly passed to the machine at the other end which automatically types the message on to paper at that end. It was held that the contract was formed in London. The instant nature of telex meant that regular rules of acceptance by post did not apply. The general principle that acceptance takes place when communicated applies to all instant forms of communication. Bring in to the case of Entorres v Miles Far East, there is during the lack time between Vienna and London, but there must be followed by the Vienna, because the offer is maki ng at Vienna. There is not such different with the time zone; because Marina is using fax is a kind of instantaneous communication, is a directly fax to them, there is no such thing between the time zone. Marina send her offer by fax at 4pm (Malaysia Time) on 13th July 2 014. 7 Taking an example, Kuga is at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Wary is at Mumbai, India, Kuga wants to fax an offer letter to Wary who is located at Mumbai India, there have been fax properly and send it to Wary and given 3 days to think about that whether she want to accept the offer. When the time of the acceptance, she Kuga can revoke the offer before Wary want to accept when Wary send the confirmation offer is too late, and Wary canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t blame to Kuga that there is matter between the time zone, she must following the time which is located that place which is making the offer. The common law for the instantaneous communication that evenly there is the lack between the time zone, is not requir e using the period time of the acceptance who is located at the place, must be accordingly follow the offer time who is located at that place. The postal rule does not generally apply to electronic communications. For example , In case of Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl (1983) ,the buyers, an English company, by a telex, sent from London to Vienna, accepted the terms of sale offered by the sellers, an Austrian company. The buyers issued a writ claiming damages for breach of the contract. The House of Lords held that the service of the writ should be set aside because the contract had not been made within the courts jurisdiction. Lord Wilberforce stated that the present case is, as Entores itself, the simple case of instantaneous communication between principals, and, in accordance with the general rule, involves that the contract if any was made when and where the acceptance was received. This was in Vienna 8 conclusion Making a conclusion for the Malaysia Contract Act 1950 (Revised 1970), for the result between with Marina and Michelle that there was a valid binding contract between this two of the parties, because on the common law said when the person who wants to invoke the offer can be inform to the third party but must be the related person. If Marina inform the revocation to Michelleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s secretary, there will become an invalid binding contract between this two of the parties, but must be concern that must be inform to Michelle or the third party who are related before Michelle as agree the agreement. Making another example, if Kuga changed his mind to revoked the offer to Wary, she can using two ways to revoke the offer either telex or telephone. For my suggestion to do it both, evenly there is the instantaneous communication there is no doubt to the time zone, need to be according to the place for the time zone, by using the case of Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl. Giving another condition, when Kuga using the telephone to revoke to the offer she just can contact with Waryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assistance to become a valid revocation, if she inform to the janitor from the Waryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company, there will becoming an invalid revocation offer, because according to the Malaysia Contract Act 1950 (Revised 1970) that must be inform the person who are related with the third party. So this is the condition Marina and Michelle must be fulfill as above the condition which mention and fulfill. 9 Reference : Cheong May Fong , Acceptance, Volume 1 , PP 33-64 ,Available from Contract Law in Malaysia [ Accessed 10 January 2015 ] 10